black walnut (Juglans nigra)
Juglandaceae, the walnut family
How to recognize black walnut. Look for large, alternately arranged, pinnately compound leaves with leaflets numbering 11-23 (or an even number, 10-22, as the terminal leaflet is often reduced or missing).
Black walnut in mid-June with immature fruits..
Flower and fruits. Like many forest trees, black walnut is monoecious, producing separate wind-pollinated pollen-producing (male) and ovule-producing (female) flowers on the same tree. The males are small and very numerous, borne in drooping elongate catkins, whereas the females are larger and occur in few-flowered clusters.
Black walnut flowers, males on the left, females on the right.
Walnut fruits are large “drupes,” i.e., single-seeded , surrounded by a fleshy non-splitting husk. Here’s what the walnuts look like after they’re fallen on the ground.
Black walnut fruits contain an edible seed –delicious, but hard to open.
In the winter. Black walnut twigs are stout, with three-lobed leaf scars fancifully resembling monkey faces., and a true terminal but. Inside, they have beautiful chambered pith.
Black walnut twigs have a true terminal but, monkey-face leaf scars, and chambered pith.
Where to find black walnut. E. Lucy Braun, in The Woody Plants of Ohio (1961, 1989; The Ohio State University Press) tell us that this species “is “A tree of rich soil, almost always present in mixed mesophytic forest communities and frequent on high-level bottomlands.”
Scanned Image from an Old Book
(Flora of West Virginia, by P.D. Strausbaugh and Earl L. Core)
Oooh ooh. I have a question!
Why do gardeners recommend against planting veggies near a walnut tree?
Black walnut is often cited as being “allelopathic,” (literally meaning to make your neighbor sick). This an effect wherein the roots, leaves and fallen fruits produce a chemical –Juglone –that inhibits the growth of some plants, especially members of the tomato family. Allelopathy is seen as a means to minimize competition from other plants.